Actually, I jumped a little too quick. I think it is a saw raker gauge, used to check the set of the teeth. Kind of like a go/no-go gauge if you will. Adjusts to the correct set for individual teeth, then each can be checked.
Judging by the size, I would say for a two-man crosscut or similar.
Am I getting closer??
I once had a combination gauge, wrest, and hammer tool. Sold for decent money on the net.