I know back in the day they had braces but ive only ever saw wood bits for braces. Are there metal bits for braces I just haven't seen?
since there's no metal bits ive seen, how did they drill metal back in the old days after it left the factory? I would think after a plow left the factory it would eventually get a modification from the farmer. Really any type of metal equipment one day would get modification, at least I would think.
I know rivets were a big part in joining metal back in the day but how did they get the hole in the metal for the rivets to go through?
People been punching holes in metal and other harder-than-wood stuff for literally thousands of years. Certainly since the Bronze Age. Think of all the rivets in Roman armor. Even earlier, bronze helmets and bronze cauldrons were assembled of several pieces riveted together. Lots of holes to be drilled.
For your first question, though, the first picture shows a group of blacksmith made metal bits. Tapered square shanks. The one in the middle has had a notch filed into the shank for the push button release used mostly in the 1800s. That one was probably used in one of the braces of that period -- see second picture. These drills were best used in a "beam drill." Picture one of these wood braces with a tapered end instead of a pommel. The tapered end of the drill fit into a socket in a long beam, and a heavy weight was hung from the free end of the beam to provide the downward pressure while the smith turned the brace. The brace and bit drill originated in the Middle Ages.
Before the brace, there were T handled augers for big holes, and for smaller holes, there was the bow drill. These were still used in South East Asia in the 1970s, and work remarkably well (I have two). But they are much, much older. Picture 3 shows a bow drill in use in Egypt.
Hard to say which is earlier, the bow drill or the pump drill (picture 4). Both have been used to drill wood, metal, and stone. For stone, a round piece of metal was used with an abrasive mixed into some kind of grease, and ground its way through rather than actually drilling. I've used the same process for drilling stone and glass, mixing diamond dust with Vaseline and using a tiny diameter piece of tubing.
There does remain the blacksmith's punch for literally punching a hole through metal. Done that too. I'm not sure what was commonly done for piecing together helmets and other pieces of armor (somebody in the Society for Creative Anachronism probably, almost certainly does), but heating and hot punching holes in the carefully formed pieces of metal plate seems like it would distort those pieces.
