Search eBay or google for "steam engine indicator". It was hooked to the valve gear & cylinder pressure somehow while running and recorded a chart on rotating drum to give a measure of performance and efficiency. Sort of a portable dynamometer. Best story I've ever read about the use of such devices involved Locomotives. A guy would ride in a little box bolted onto side of locomotive near the cylinders while fully loaded train was operated at full speed. His job was to take multiple readings from a pair of these instruments. They were all hard of hearing.